Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Flow diagram showing patient selection. Note: BC = British Columbia, ICU = intensive care unit, ON = Ontario, QC = Quebec. *BC (n = 10/226; 4.4%) and ON (n = 8/184; 4.3%).
- Figure 2:
Comorbidities of patients hospitalized during the Omicron wave, by vaccination group. P value based on χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
- Figure 3:
Comparison of outcomes of hospitalized patients with ≥ 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine versus no vaccine during the Omicron wave, by regression analysis. Note: CI = confidence interval, DAF = days alive and free, ICU = intensive care unit. Note: The following factors were accounted for in the adjusted analysis: age, sex, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, hematologic disease, hypertension and cancer. *Adjusted regression analysis was not feasible numerically as too few patients received renal replacement therapy during the first 14 days.
- Figure 4:
COVID-19 therapies administered during patients’ hospital stay across COVID-19 waves. p value was based on χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
- Figure 5:
Comparison of outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron versus previous waves, by regression analysis. Note: The following factors were accounted for in the adjusted analysis: age, sex, comorbidities (chronic heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic neurologic disorder, cancer and chronic hematologic disease), baseline systolic blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation of arterial blood (Sao2 ) and serum creatinine. Note: CI = confidence interval, DAF = days alive and free, ICU = intensive care unit. *Adjusted regression analysis was not feasible numerically as too few patients received renal replacement therapy during the first 14 days.
Tables
- Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of patients admitted to hospital during the Omicron wave with acute COVID-19, by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status
Variable Vaccination status* p value No. (%)† of all patients
n = 441No. (%)† of unvaccinated patients
n = 130No. (%)† of patients with ≥ 2 doses
n = 242Sex 0.528 Unknown, n 1 1 0 – Male 261 (59.3) 74 (57.4) 147 (60.7) – Female 179 (40.7) 55 (42.6) 95 (39.3) – Age, mean ± SD 70.1 ± 15.2 67.9 ± 15.0 71.2 ± 15.3 0.046 Received any SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before admission 261/391 (66.8) – – – Received at least 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before admission 242/390 (62.1) – – – Admitted to ICU on hospital admission day 64 (14.5) 29 (22.5) 25 (10.3) 0.002 Organ support on admission day Invasive mechanical ventilation 20/441 (4.5) 10/130 (7.7) 7/242 (2.9) 0.035 RRT or dialysis 8/439 (1.8) 1/129 (0.8) 6/241 (2.5) 0.429 Vasopressors 18/440 (4.1) 8/129 (6.2) 6/242 (2.5) 0.073 Temperature (°C), mean ± SD 37.1 ± 0.9 37.1 ± 1.0 37.1 ± 0.9 0.830 Missing, n 16 8 5 – Heart rate (beats/min), mean ± SD 92.6 ± 21.5 93.3 ± 22.7 91.1 ± 20.3 0.352 Missing, n 2 1 1 – Respiratory rate (breaths/min), mean ± SD 23.2 ± 7.7 24.0 ± 9.3 22.7 ± 6.6 0.118 Missing, n 12 5 4 – sBP, mean ± SD 131.2 ± 26.9 127.7 ± 24.3 133.6 ± 29.0 0.054 Missing, n 7 5 0 – dBP, mean ± SD 72.5 ± 13.9 72.3 ± 13.3 72.7 ± 14.0 0.776 Missing, n 10 6 1 – Oxygen saturation (Sao2; %), mean ± SD 93.1 ± 6.7 91.7 ± 7.8 93.6 ± 6.5 0.014 Missing, n 5 2 0 – Required oxygen therapy 147/426 (34.5) 49/127 (38.6) 79/234 (33.8) 0.360 Leukocyte count (× 103/μL), median IQR 7.3 (5.1–9.9) 6.8 (4.6–9.5) 7.5 (5.2–10.0) 0.064 Missing, n 3 2 1 – Hemoglobin (g/L), median IQR 127 (111–141) 136 (124–146) 120 (107–138) < 0.001 Missing, n 3 2 1 – Creatinine (μmol/L), median IQR 95.0 (70.0–136.0) 90.5 (66.5–112.0) 104.0 (74.0–154.0) 0.001 Missing, n 4 2 1 – ALT (U/L), median IQR 23.0 (16.0–38.0) 28.0 (17.0–45.5) 21.0 (15.0–34.0) 0.007 Missing 122 30 73 – AST (U/L), median IQR 38.5 (23.0–59.0) 50.0 (37.0–80.0) 29.0 (22.0–59.0) 0.006 Missing 343 99 191 – Note: ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate transferase, dBP = diastolic blood pressure, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range, RRT = renal replacement therapy, sBP = systolic blood pressure, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Patients who received only a single dose of vaccine (n = 18) or with uncertain vaccination status (n = 51) were excluded from the stratified summary.
↵† Unless otherwise indicated.
- Table 2:
Outcomes of patients admitted to hospital for acute COVID-19 during the Omicron wave by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status
Variable Vaccination status* p value No. (%)† of all patients
n = 441No. (%)† of unvaccinated patients
n = 130No. (%)† of patients with ≥ 2 doses
n = 24228-day mortality 42/433 (9.7) 12/127 (9.4) 19/237 (8.0) 0.64 In-hospital death 63/441 (14.3) 19/130 (14.6) 30/242 (12.4) 0.55 Admitted to ICU 121/441 (27.4) 49/130 (37.7) 57/242 (23.6) 0.004 Septic shock 39/430 (9.1) 11/125 (8.8) 23/237 (9.7) 0.78 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 66/437 (15.1) 31/129 (24.0) 25/239 (10.5) < 0.001 Acute kidney injury 119/429 (27.7) 32/129 (24.8) 76/232 (32.8) 0.11 Acute cardiac injury 18/418 (4.3) 4/126 (3.2) 12/226 (5.3) 0.36 Organ support while hospitalized Invasive mechanical ventilation 61/441 (13.8) 28/130 (21.5) 26/242 (10.7) 0.005 RRT or dialysis 30/439 (6.8) 7/129 (5.4) 20/241 (8.3) 0.31 Vasopressors 70/440 (15.9) 26/129 (20.2) 34/242 (14.0) 0.13 Organ support during first 14 days Invasive mechanical ventilation 53/439 (12.1) 24/128 (18.8) 22/242 (9.1) 0.007 RRT or dialysis 23/436 (5.3) 5/128 (3.9) 15/239 (6.3) 0.34 Vasopressors 62/437 (14.2) 23/129 (17.8) 29/239 (12.1) 0.13 DAF invasive mechanical ventilation, first 14 days 0.04 Mean ± SD 12.5 ± 4.0 12.1 ± 4.3 12.9 ± 3.4 – Unknown, n 18 10 6 – DAF RRT — first 14 days – – – 0.43 Mean ± SD 13.1 ± 3.2 13.4 ± 2.8 13.3 ± 2.9 – Unknown, n 23 10 11 – DAF vasopressors, first 14 days – – – 0.24 Mean ± SD 12.6 ± 3.8 12.4 ± 3.9 12.9 ± 3.4 – Unknown, n 20 9 9 – Hospital length of stay, decedents – – – 0.23 n 48 12 24 – Median (IQR) 16.5 (9.5–35.5) 32.5 (14.0–77.5) 18.5 (10.5–33.5) – Range (2.0–246.0) (3.0–246.0) (4.0–97.0) – Hospital length of stay, survivors – – – 0.01 n 378 111 212 – Median (IQR) 8.0 (4.0–16.0) 11.0 (5.0–18.0) 7.0 (4.0–13.0) – Range (1.0–143.0) (2.0–143.0) (1.0–110.0) – ICU length of stay, decedents – – – 0.18 n 37 12 17 Median (IQR) 15.0 (10.0– 29.0) 23.0 (14.0–66.5) 16.0 (10.0–29.0) – Range (0.0–246.0) (4.0–246.0) (1.0–84.0) – ICU length of stay, survivors – – – 0.73 n 77 36 35 Median (IQR) 6.0 (3.0–12.0) 6.5 (3.5–11.0) 6.0 (3.0–13.0) – Range (0.0–85.0) (1.0–85.0) (0.0–29.0) – Note: DAF = days alive and free, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile rage, RRT = renal replacement therapy, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Patients who received only a single dose of vaccine (n = 18) or with uncertain vaccination status (n = 51) were excluded from the stratified summary.
↵† Unless otherwise indicated.
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