Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.

McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Team (Racey, Ali, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Lewis, Jovkovic); School of Nursing (Racey, Sherifali, Fitzpatrick-Lewis), Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (Ali) and School of Rehabilitation Science (Tang), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Faculty of Kinesiology (Bouchard), University of New Brunswick; Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (Bouchard), Fredericton, NB; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Giguère), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Cumming School of Medicine (Holroyd-Leduc), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; University of Alberta (Gramlich); Nutrition Services (Gramlich), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alta.; Schlegel–University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging (Keller) and Department of Kinesiology (Keller), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Canadian Frailty Network (Prorok, Kim, Lorbergs, Muscedere), Kingston, Ont.