Research
Open Access
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ontario health care workers during and after the first wave of the pandemic: a cohort study
Michelle Science, Shelly Bolotin, Michael Silverman, Jeya Nadarajah, Bryan Maguire, Rulan S. Parekh, Allison McGeer, Kevin L. Schwartz, Laura Alexander, Upton Allen, Archchun Ariyarajah, Lucas Castellani, Ronald D. Cohn, Mark Downing, Kevin Katz, Kescha Kazmi, Jerome A. Leis, Derek Liu, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Jane E. Schneiderman, Maya Sumaida and Aaron Campigotto
October 12, 2021 9 (4) E929-E939; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210044
Michelle Science
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScShelly Bolotin
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
PhDMichael Silverman
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MDJeya Nadarajah
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScBryan Maguire
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MScRulan S. Parekh
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MSAllison McGeer
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScKevin L. Schwartz
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScLaura Alexander
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MHScUpton Allen
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MBBSArchchun Ariyarajah
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MScLucas Castellani
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MBBSRonald D. Cohn
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MDMark Downing
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MDKevin Katz
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MDKescha Kazmi
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MDJerome A. Leis
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScDerek Liu
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
RNJeffrey M. Pernica
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScJane E. Schneiderman
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
PhDMaya Sumaida
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
RNAaron Campigotto
Division of Infectious Diseases (Science, Allen, Kazmi, Liu, Sumaida), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children; Public Health Ontario (Science, Bolotin, Schwartz); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin, Ariyarajah), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Silverman), Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Silverman), Western University, London, Ont.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Nadarajah), Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Nadarajah, Parekh, Leis), University of Toronto; SickKids Research Institute (Maguire, Schneiderman), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Nephrology (Parekh), Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (McGeer, Katz, Campigotto), University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (McGeer), Sinai Health System, Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Schwartz, Downing), Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto; Occupational Health and Safety (Alexander), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Castellani), Sault Area Hospital, Sudbury, Ont.; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics (Cohn), University of Toronto; Department of Paediatrics (Cohn), The Hospital for Sick Children; Division of Infection Prevention and Control (Katz), North York General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Leis), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Pernica), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Microbiology (Campigotto), Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
MD
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SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ontario health care workers during and after the first wave of the pandemic: a cohort study
Michelle Science, Shelly Bolotin, Michael Silverman, Jeya Nadarajah, Bryan Maguire, Rulan S. Parekh, Allison McGeer, Kevin L. Schwartz, Laura Alexander, Upton Allen, Archchun Ariyarajah, Lucas Castellani, Ronald D. Cohn, Mark Downing, Kevin Katz, Kescha Kazmi, Jerome A. Leis, Derek Liu, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Jane E. Schneiderman, Maya Sumaida, Aaron Campigotto
Oct 2021, 9 (4) E929-E939; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210044
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ontario health care workers during and after the first wave of the pandemic: a cohort study
Michelle Science, Shelly Bolotin, Michael Silverman, Jeya Nadarajah, Bryan Maguire, Rulan S. Parekh, Allison McGeer, Kevin L. Schwartz, Laura Alexander, Upton Allen, Archchun Ariyarajah, Lucas Castellani, Ronald D. Cohn, Mark Downing, Kevin Katz, Kescha Kazmi, Jerome A. Leis, Derek Liu, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Jane E. Schneiderman, Maya Sumaida, Aaron Campigotto
Oct 2021, 9 (4) E929-E939; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210044
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