Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
PRISMA flow diagram. Note: RCT = randomized controlled trial.
- Figure 2:
Forest plots for comparison of differences in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; panel A) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; panel B) between home and office blood pressure measurements in pregnancy, using random effects. The mean difference was calculated as home BP – office BP. Note: CI = confidence interval, IV = inverse variance, WCH = white coat hypertension.
Tables
Author (year)† Country Study population n Age, yr, mean* Baseline office BP,* mm Hg, mean ± SD Brand of monitor and validation for pregnancy No. of measurements/wk Dalton et al. (1987) (20) UK HDP 10 Range
28 to 39136 ± 17/83 ± 8 Dinamap 1846, not validated 4 to 28 Mooney et al. (1991) (21) UK 1 or 2 high BP readings 35 NA 139 ± 13/74 ± 10 Dinamap 1846P, not validated 10 Naef et al. (1998) (22) US HTN 7 NA MAP 102 ± 10 Vasoplex, not validated 4 to 28 Lo et al. (2002) (23) New Zealand Normal 101 NA 107 ± 8/66 ± 7 Omron HEM-705CP, validated 4 (1 d only) Brown et al. (2004) (24) New Zealand WCH 66 NA 126/80 Omron HEM-705CP, not validated 6 Rey et al. (2007) (25) Canada Normal, HTN 123 Normal 31.4
HTN 32.7127 ± 3/80 ± 2 Aneroid, not validated 3 to 7 Rey et al. (2009) (26) Canada HTN, WCH, PE 159 HTN 32.5
WCH 29.6
PE 32.2NA Aneroid, not validated 6 to 14 Chung et al. (2009) (27) UK HDP 21 NA NA Microlife WatchBP, validated 24 BOSHI (2013, 2015, 2016) (17)– (19) Japan Normal 530 31.2 Normal 108 ± 11/66 ± 9
HTN 119 ± 13/74 ± 9Omron HEM-747IC, HEM7080IC, not validated 7 Denolle (2014) (28) France Normal 45 30 115 ± 11/65 ± 7 Hestia Pharma D2, not validated 36 Tucker et al. (2017) (29) UK High risk for PE 161 31.0 117 ± 10/71 ± 9 Microlife WatchBP, validated 12 Mikami et al. (2017) (30) Japan Normal 100 35.8 114 ± 10/68 ± 6 Omron 7251G, not validated 14 Lan et al. (2017) (31) Australia HTN 37 33.4 NA Omron HEM-7200, not validated 14 Perry et al. (2018) (32) UK HTN 166 32.5 NA Microlife WatchBP, validated 4 to 14 Kalafat et al. (2018) (33) UK HTN 147 34 134 ± 3/88 ± 3 Microlife WatchBP, validated NA Vestgaard et al. (2019) (34) Denmark Normal 103 32 115 ± 11/72 ± 7 Microlife 3A Plus, validated 18 Vestgaard et al. (2019) (35) Denmark Pre-existing diabetes mellitus 222 WCH: 33
HTN: 34
Normal: 32WCH: 133 ± 10/87 ± 5
HTN: 130 ± 13/84 ± 10
Normal: 117 ± 9/74 ± 6Microlife 3A Plus, validated 18 Pealing et al. (2019) (36) UK HTN
HDP154 HTN: 35.9
GHTN: 33.4HTN: 136.6 ± 13.8/85.9 ± 10.1
GHTN: 139.5 ± 13.1/86.9 ± 9.9Microlife WatchBP, validated 14 Usuzaki et al. (2020) (37) Japan Normal 656 32.2 110.5 ± 10.8/63.8 ± 8.7 Omron HEM-7080IC, not validated 7 Note: BOSHI = Babies and Their Parents’ Longitudinal Observation in Suzuki Memorial Hospital on Intrauterine Period, BP = blood pressure, GHTN = gestational hypertension, HDP = hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, HTN = hypertension, MAP = mean arterial pressure, NA = not available, PE = preeclampsia, SD = standard deviation, WCH = white coat hypertension.
↵* Except where indicated otherwise.
↵† All studies were observational except Pealing and colleagues. (36)
- Table 2:
Summary of proposed definitions for trimester-specific upper limit of normal home blood pressure
Reference Population Method First trimester Second trimester Third trimester SBP, mm Hg DBP, mm Hg SBP, mm Hg DBP, mm Hg SBP, mm Hg DBP, mm Hg Lo et al. (23) Normal Mean ± 2 SD 132 82 130 79 133/138* 81/88* Rey et al. (25) Normal and hypertensive 90th percentile 139† 89† 137 87 138/140/143‡ 89/90/92‡ Denolle (28) Normal Mean ± 2 SD 118 73 117 73 121 80 Denolle (28) Normal 95th percentile 116 70 113 70 118 76 Mikami et al. (30) Normal Regression line from standardized major axis methods 120.8 83.5 124/127§ 84/86§ 136 89 Vestgaard et al. (34) Normal Mean ± 2 SD 117 74 116 73 123 78 Note: DBP = diastolic blood pressure, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Blood pressure measured at 27–30 weeks and 35–37 weeks gestational age.
↵† Blood pressure measured at < 20 weeks gestational age.
↵‡ Blood pressure measured at 28–32 weeks, 33–36 weeks and > 36 weeks gestational age.
↵§ Blood pressure measured at 12–20 weeks and 20–24 weeks gestational age.
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