Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Flow diagram showing selection of study participants. *Respondents aged 12–17 years were excluded when a most knowledgeable person was not identified. †Retained as “unknown” category. Note: CCHS = Canadian Community Health Survey.
- Figure 2:
Synergism between female sex and severe food insecurity in association with self-reported perceived poor or fair mental health among respondents aged 40–64 years. Category 1 = reference, category 2 = risk of poor or fair mental health conferred by sex, category 3 = risk of poor or fair mental health conferred by severe food insecurity, category 4 = risk of poor or fair mental health conferred by sex and severe food insecurity combined (additive interaction).
Tables
- Table 1:
Prevalence of perceived poor or fair mental health by sex, food security status and covariates*
Characteristic No. of respondents p value Overall
n = 61 446With perceived poor or fair mental health
n = 4107Prevalence, % Food security status < 0.001 Food secure 56 114 2907 4.9 Moderately food insecure 3189 540 15.1 Severely food insecure 2143 660 29.3 Sex 0.007 Male 28 000 1788 5.4 Female 33 446 2319 6.7 Food security status and sex < 0.001 Male and food secure 25 894 1326 4.5 Male and moderately food insecure 1215 201 14.4 Male and severely food insecure 891 261 25.2 Female and food secure 30 220 1581 5.3 Female and moderately food insecure 1974 339 15.6 Female and severely food insecure 1252 399 32.5 Age, yr < 0.001 18–39 18 622 1282 6.5 40–64 25 765 1949 6.3 ≥ 65 17 059 876 4.8 Marital status < 0.001 Married/common-law 34 299 1619 4.6 Widowed/divorced/separated/single 27 147 2488 8.7 No. of household members < 0.001 1–2 41 782 2946 6.5 3–4 15 409 914 5.7 ≥ 5 4255 247 5.0 Education < 0.001 Less than secondary 9675 997 9.9 Secondary completed 13 823 932 6.1 More than secondary 37 247 2136 5.4 Unknown 701 42 5.7 Smoking < 0.001 Current 12 169 1411 10.7 Former 19 697 1186 5.5 Never 29 580 1510 4.7 ↵* All proportions are weighted to the Canadian population.
- Table 2:
Adjusted prevalence ratios for association of sex and food security status with perceived poor or fair mental health
Variable PR (95% CI) Individual exposures of sex and food security* Sex Male Reference Female 1.22 (1.12 to 1.31) Food security Food secure Reference Moderately food insecure 2.50 (2.21 to 2.82) Severely food insecure 4.03 (3.59 to 4.52) Joint exposure of sex and food security by age† Overall Male Food secure Reference Moderately food insecure 2.65 (2.19 to 3.21) Severely food insecure 3.78 (3.17 to 4.51) Female Food secure 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) Moderately food insecure 2.91 (2.49 to 3.41) Severely food insecure 5.05 (4.39 to 5.82) Age 18–39 yr Male Food secure Reference Moderately food insecure 2.11 (1.52 to 2.92) Severely food insecure 4.15 (3.19 to 5.40) Female Food secure 1.43 (1.22 to 1.66) Moderately food insecure 3.48 (2.79 to 4.34) Severely food insecure 5.55 (4.48 to 6.89) Age 40–64 yr Male Food secure Reference Moderately food insecure 3.13 (2.43 to 4.03) Severely food insecure 3.42 (2.63 to 4.44) Female Food secure 1.14 (0.99 to 1.32) Moderately food insecure 2.56 (1.99 to 3.28) Severely food insecure 4.94 (4.06 to 6.02) Age ≥ 65 yr Male Food secure Reference Moderately food insecure 3.79 (2.03 to 7.06) Severely food insecure 5.80 (3.02 to 11.11) Female Food secure 0.94 (0.74 to 1.20) Moderately food insecure 2.13 (1.19 to 3.80) Severely food insecure 2.97 (1.48 to 5.95) Note: CI = confidence interval, PR = prevalence ratio.
↵* Variables included in the model were sex, food security status, age, education, marital status, smoking and household size.
↵† Variables included in the models were the combination of sex and food security status, age (overall model only), education, marital status, smoking and household size.
- Table 3:
Measures of additive interaction for sex and food security status in association with perceived poor or fair mental health, overall and stratified by age group
Exposure category Additive interaction measure (95% CI) RERI AP Synergy index Overall Severe food insecurity female v. male sex 1.07 (0.24 to 1.89) 0.21 (0.06 to 0.36) 1.36 (1.06 to 1.74) Moderate food insecurity female v. male sex 0.05 (−0.57 to 0.68) 0.02 (−0.20 to 0.23) 1.03 (0.74 to 1.44) Age, yr 18–39 Severe food insecurity female v. male sex 0.97 (−0.38 to 2.33) 0.18 (−0.05 to 0.40) 1.27 (0.90 to 1.79) Moderate food insecurity female v. male sex 0.95 (0.02 to 1.87) 0.27 (0.04 to 0.51) 1.62 (0.97 to 2.70) 40–64 Severe food insecurity female v. male sex 1.38 (0.29 to 2.47) 0.28 (0.09 to 0.47) 1.54 (1.07 to 2.21) Moderate food insecurity female v. male sex −0.72 (−1.65 to 0.22) −0.28 (−0.68 to 0.12) 0.68 (0.42 to 1.11) ≥ 65 Severe food insecurity female v. male sex −2.7 (−6.93 to 1.40) −0.93 (−2.70 to 0.84) 0.42 (0.12 to 1.47) Moderate food insecurity female v. male sex −1.60 (−4.18 to 0.98) −0.75 (−2.18 to 0.68) 0.41 (0.11 to 1.55) Note: AP = attributable portion due to interaction, CI = confidence interval, RERI = relative excess risk due to interaction.
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