Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Proportion of Ontarians with prescription eyewear coverage in 2005 and 2013–2014, by source of funding. Data for 2003 were unavailable. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
- Figure 2:
Proportion of Ontarians with prescription eyewear coverage who had employer-sponsored plans in 2005 and 2013–2014, by the highest level of education attained in the household (A) and total household income (B). Data for 2003 were unavailable. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
- Figure 3:
Proportion of Ontarians with prescription eyewear coverage who had government-sponsored plans in 2005 and 2013–2014, by the highest level of education attained in the household (A) and total household income (B). Data for 2003 were unavailable. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Tables
- Table 1:
Weighted frequency and prevalence of insurance coverage for prescription eyewear among Ontarians aged 12 years or older in 2003, 2005 and 2013–2014 stratified by sociodemographic characteristics
Characteristic 2003 2005 2013–2014 Frequency (n, 100’s) Prevalence (95% CI), % Frequency (n, 100’s) Prevalence (95% CI), % Frequency (n, 100’s) Prevalence (95% CI), % Total 62 155 62.3 (61.5–63.0) 61 846 62.1 (61.3–62.8) 68 694 62.0 (61.1–62.9) Age, yr 12–19 7936 69.2 (67.3–71.1) 8106 67.6 (65.7–69.6) 7887 67.4 (65.2–69.6) 20–39 20 982 62.0 (60.6–63.4) 19 933 61.7 (60.4–63.0) 20 729 60.5 (58.8–62.1) 40–64 27 598 68.7 (67.6–69.9) 28 209 68.9 (67.7–70.1) 32 367 70.7 (69.2–72.1) 65–74 3585 42.8 (40.8–44.9) 3437 40.9 (38.9–42.9) 5013 44.5 (42.5–46.5) ≥ 75 2054 34.2 (32.1–36.3) 2161 36.2 (33.8–38.6) 2697 34.9 (32.9–36.8) Sex* Female 31 452 61.7 (60.7–62.8) 30 909 60.9 (59.8–61.9) 34 727 61.3 (60.0–62.5) Male 30 703 62.8 (61.7–63.9) 30 937 63.3 (62.3–64.3) 33 967 62.8 (61.4–64.1) Highest education level in household Less than secondary school graduation 3151 43.2 (41.0–45.5) 2630 42.5 (40.1–45.0) 2273 37.4 (34.6–40.2) Secondary school graduation 7192 57.9 (56.0–59.8) 5493 55.9 (53.8–57.9) 6939 53.0 (50.5–55.4) Some postsecondary 3441 60.5 (57.4–63.7) 2852 58.9 (55.3–62.5) 1995 57.6 (52.3–62.9) Postsecondary school graduation 46 137 65.7 (64.8–66.6) 46 516 65.6 (64.7–66.5) 55 656 66.1 [65.1–67.1) Marital status Married/common-law 39 382 66.0 (65.1–66.9) 39 179 65.8 (64.8–66.8) 42 938 67.2 (66.1–68.3) Widowed 1779 36.3 (33.9–38.6) 1714 36.3 (33.8–38.8) 1830 36.1 (33.6–38.6) Separated/divorced 3526 56.9 (54.4–59.5) 3480 57.0 (54.3–59.6) 4490 54.5 (51.1–57.8) Single/never married 17 432 60.2 (58.7–61.7) 17 458 59.8 (58.5–61.1) 19 233 57.9 (56.2–59.5) Household income† Below middle level 9285 41.6 (40.2–43.0) 8229 38.7 (37.3–40.1) 9682 38.2 (36.4–40.0) Middle level 20 878 65.6 (64.4–66.9) 19 785 64.2 (64.2–62.8] 25 889 60.8 (59.3–62.2) Above middle level 24 888 77.7 (76.5–78.9) 28 165 77.9 (76.8–79.0) 33 123 77.3 [76.1–78.5) Ethnic background‡ White 50 286 64.7 (63.9–65.4) 49 700 64.4 (63.6–65.1) 51 085 64.4 (63.6–65.3) Non-White 9579 52.2 (50.0–54.4) 10 805 53.1 (50.9–55.3) 15 140 54.3 (52.0–56.6) Aboriginal 689 72.4 (67.1–77.6) 1109 67.6 (53.1–72.0) 2015 71.7 (67.8–75.7) Immigrant status§ Nonimmigrant 45 682 67.1 (66.3–67.8) 45 926 66.3 (65.6–67.1) 49 039 66.7 (65.8–67.6) Immigrant Within previous 9 yr 3056 41.7 (38.1–45.2) 3581 45.4 (41.8–49.0) 3499 43.6 (39.1–48.0) 10 yr or longer 11 762 54.8 (53.0–56.5) 12 173 55.3 (53.4–57.3) 15 187 55.0 (52.9–57.1) Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Self-reported as female or male.
↵† Less than middle level = less than $40 000; middle level = $40 000–$79 999 in 2003 and 2005, $40 000–$89 999 in 2013–2014; above middle level = $80 000 or more in 2003 and 2005, $90 000 or more in 2013–2014.
↵‡ White: self-identification as White; non-White: self-identification with a group other than White or Aboriginal; Aboriginal: self-identification as First Nations (Status or non-Status), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).
↵§ Nonimmigrant: born in Canada; immigrant: not born in Canada.
- Table 2:
Adjusted prevalence ratio (weighted) of having employer-sponsored and government-sponsored insurance among Ontarians in 2013–2014*
Variable Adjusted PR (95% CI) Employer-sponsored insurance† Government-sponsored insurance‡ Age, yr 12–19 v. 40–64 1.31 (1.13–1.52) 0.67 (0.63–0.72) 20–39 v. 40–64 0.95 (0.91–0.99) 0.72 (0.66–0.77) 65–74 v. 40–64 0.59 (0.57–0.61) 0.85 (0.68–1.05) ≥ 75 v. 40–64 0.47 (0.39–0.56) 1.02 (0.72–1.45) Male v. female sex 0.98 (0.93–1.03) 1.00 (0.97–1.04) Highest level of education in household Less than secondary school graduation v. secondary school graduation 0.79 (0.75–0.84) 1.27 (1.06–1.53) Some postsecondary school v. secondary school graduation 1.05 (0.95–1.16) 1.23 (0.96–1.57) Postsecondary school graduation v. secondary school graduation 1.12 (1.08–1.16) 0.84 (0.67–1.05) Marital status Widowed v. married/common-law 0.88 (0.72–1.07) 0.82 (0.77–0.87) Separated/divorced v. married/ common-law 0.86 (0.76–0.97) 1.21 (1.10–1.32) Single/never married v. married/ common-law 0.70 (0.60–0.81) 1.60 (1.30–1.96) Household income Below middle level v. above middle level 0.37 (0.35–0.40) 3.64 (3.37–3.93) Middle level v. above middle level 0.82 (0.78–0.85) 1.25 (1.06–1.47) Ethnic background Non-White v. White 0.95 (0.87–1.04) 0.78 (0.58–1.06) Aboriginal v. White 0.91 (0.83–0.99) 3.26 (2.81–3.79) Immigrant v. nonimmigrant 0.87 (0.86–0.89) 0.69 (0.64–0.74) Note: CI = confidence interval, PR = prevalence ratio.
↵* All variables in the table were included in the regression model. Therefore, except for the variable being examined, all other variables were adjusted for.
↵† Coverage provided by employers, unions, trade associations or student organizations, which usually have group policy numbers by which insured people in the affiliated organization can be identified. The unweighted sample sizes were 19 085 (insured) and 35 056 (total).
↵‡ Government subsidies provided to those registered with specific programs (e.g., Ontario Works, Ontario Disability Support Program, Non-Insured Health Benefits program) or who identify with specific populations (e.g., veterans, refugees, First Nations, Inuit). The unweighted sample sizes were 3203 (insured) and 19 174 (total).
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