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Tables
- Table 1: Selected characteristics of the adult (aged 20 years or more) 2006 census cohort, by immigration status and duration of residence in Canada (excluding Quebec and the territories)
Characteristic Canadian-born, no. (%)*
(n = 2 486 970)Immigrants, no. (%)* Overall
(n = 889 625)Duration of residence, yr > 10
(n = 664 485)≤ 10
(n = 225 140)Age, yr, mean 46 51 54 39 Men 1 209 570 (48.6) 420 970 (47.3) 316 415 (47.6) 104 555 (46.4) Low income 257 650 (10.4) 161 430 (18.1) 93 220 (14.0) 68 210 (30.3) Urban residence 1 826 720 (73.4) 839 400 (94.4) 620 445 (93.4) 218 960 (97.2) Source country risk level† HBV infection Low - 332 715 (37.4) 307 315 (46.2) 25 400 (11.3) Medium - 296 320 (33.3) 190 225 (28.6) 106 095 (47.1) High - 260 590 (29.3) 166 945 (25.1) 93 645 (41.6) HCV infection Low - 693 895 (78.0) 546 885 (82.3) 147 010 (65.3) Medium - 145 320 (16.3) 84 975 (12.8) 60 345 (26.8) High - 50 410 (5.7) 32 625 (4.9) 17 785 (7.9) Primary liver cancer Low - 608 080 (68.4) 489 495 (73.7) 118 585 (52.7) High - 281 545 (31.6) 174 990 (26.3) 106 555 (47.3) Note: HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCV = hepatitis C virus.
*Unless indicated otherwise.
†According to estimated prevalence of HBV infection and HCV infection in the source country based on clinical practice guidelines for immigrants and refugees in Canada.10,24 HBV infection: low risk < 2%, medium risk 2% to < 8%, high risk ≥ 8%; HCV infection: low risk < 3%, medium risk 3% to 5%, high risk > 5%; primary liver cancer: high risk = high risk for HBV or HCV infection.
- Table 2: Annualized crude and age-standardized hospital discharge rates per 100 000 population, by immigrant and risk-related variables, for all liver disease, HBV infection, HCV infection and primary liver cancer
Group; variable Disease; rate per 100 000 population All liver disease HBV infection HCV infection Primary liver cancer Crude Age-standardized (95% CI) Crude Age-standardized (95% CI) Crude Age-standardized (95% CI) Crude Age-standardized (95% CI) Canadian-born 75.4 77.8 (75.8-79.9) 2.6 2.7 (2.3-3.1) 6.2 6.3 (5.8-7.3) 7.3 7.7 (7.1-8.4) Immigrant 66.4 59.8* (57.1-62.7) 5.1 4.7* (3.9-5.6) 5.5 5.0* (4.2-5.9) 12.4 10.6* (9.5-11.8) Duration of residence, yr > 10 79.8 65.0* (61.7-68.5) 5.8 5.1* (4.2-6.2) 6.5 5.3* (4.4-6.3) 14.9 10.9* (9.6-12.3) ≤ 10 26.9 45.2* (38.1-53.7) 2.8 5.4 (3.2-9.2) 2.8 4.5 (2.7-7.5) 5.9 15.7* (11.3-22.9) Source country risk level Low - - 2.0 1.7* (1.0-2.7) 5.4 4.6* (3.8-5.5) 10.7 7.8 (6.7-9.0) Medium - - 2.9 3.0 (2.0-4.4) 2.1 2.1* (1.1-4.1) - - High - - 11.4 12.5* (10.2-15.5) 17.9 23.0* (15.3-34.5) 16.8 20.0* (16.9-23.6) Note: CI = confidence interval, HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCV = hepatitis C virus.
*Significantly different from the value for the Canadian-born cohort.
- Table 3: Age- and sex-adjusted and fully adjusted* odds ratios for hospital discharge for all liver disease, HBV infection, HCV infection and primary liver cancer on multivariate logistic regression analyses†
Group; variable Disease; OR (95% CI) All liver-related disease HBV infection HCV infection Primary liver cancer Age- and sex-adjusted Fully adjusted Age- and sex-adjusted Fully adjusted Age- and sex-adjusted Fully adjusted Age- and sex-adjusted Fully adjusted Canadian-born 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Immigrant 0.83‡
(0.78-0.89)0.92‡
(0.85-0.98)2.02‡
(1.57-2.60)2.07‡
(1.58-2.71)0.92
(0.73-1.16)0.85
(0.66-1.08)1.43‡
(1.22-1.68)1.40‡
(1.18-1.64)Canadian-born 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Immigrant duration of residence, yr > 10 0.89‡
(0.83-0.95)0.99
(0.92-1.06)2.17‡
(1.66-2.83)2.29‡
(1.73-3.03)0.98
(0.76-1.25)0.93
(0.72-1.21)1.44‡
(1.22-1.70)1.40‡
(1.18-1.66)≤ 10 0.54‡
(0.45-0.64)0.56‡
(0.47-0.67)1.45
(0.85-2.47)1.30
(0.75-2.26)0.66
(0.37-1.18)0.51
(0.28-0.91)1.32
(0.88-1.98)1.26
(0.83-1.90)Canadian-born 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Risk level of immigrant source country Low 0.72
(0.44-1.20)0.79
(0.48-1.33)0.88
(0.68-1.14)0.83
(0.63-1.08)1.10
(0.89-1.30)1.10
(0.87-1.29)Medium 1.13
(0.70-1.82)1.20
(0.73-1.96)0.47
(0.22-0.99)0.41
(0.19-0.87)High 5.15‡
(3.87-6.84)5.28‡
(3.87-7.20)2.98‡
(1.74-5.11)2.49‡
(1.44-4.29)2.60‡
(2.12-3.27)2.60‡
(2.05-3.22)Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.
*Adjusted for rural v. urban residence and for low income status in addition to age and sex.
†All analyses used Canadian-born as the reference group. ORs are estimates.
‡Significantly different from the value for the Canadian-born cohort.
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