Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Opioid-related emergency department visits after opening of supervised consumption sites. Piecewise 95% confidence interval (CI) in orange, ARIMAX 95% CI in pink. (A) Calgary: intervention on Oct. 1, 2017. (B) Edmonton: intervention on Mar. 1, 2018. (C) Red Deer: intervention on Oct. 1, 2018. (D) Lethbridge: intervention on Mar. 1, 2018. Note: ARIMAX = autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variable.
- Figure 2:
Opioid-related deaths after opening of supervised consumption sites. Piecewise 95% confidence interval (CI) in orange, ARIMAX 95% CI in pink. (A) Calgary: intervention on Oct. 1, 2017. (B) Edmonton: intervention on Mar. 1, 2018. Note: ARIMAX = autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variable.
- Figure 3:
Opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits and deaths after community-based naloxone program initiation. Piecewise 95% confidence interval (CI) in orange. ARIMAX 95% CI in pink. (A) Urban opioid-related ED visits: intervention on Jan. 1, 2016. (B) Rural opioid-related deaths: intervention on Jan. 1, 2016. (C) Urban opioid-related deaths: intervention on Jan. 1, 2016. (D) Rural opioid-related ED visits: intervention on Jan. 1, 2016. Note: ARIMAX = autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variable.
Tables
Location Opening date Preopening, no. Postopening, no. Preopening Postopening Mean age ± SD Male sex, % Mean age ± SD Male sex, % SCS or OPS site analysis ED visits Calgary October 2017 5134 4502 36.5 ± 14.7 57.3 37.0 ± 13.4 59.4 Edmonton March 2018 6964 4825 37.7 ± 18.7 55.3 38.3 ± 13.1 58.9 Red Deer* October 2018 1107 323 36.4 ± 14.0 58.1 36.1 ± 13.1 59.8 Lethbridge March 2018 870 382 37.3 ± 15.5 47.4 39.2 ± 16.5 50.0 Deaths Calgary October 2017 679 362 41.7 ± 14.0 68.3 41.2 ± 14.6 75.4 Edmonton March 2018 801 154 43.2 ± 15.4 65.8 41.6 ± 14.1 68.2 Red Deer* October 2018 19 1 33.3 ± 9.0 68.4 † Lethbridge March 2018 17 9 37.8 ± 12.5 52.9 36.9 ± 10.6 88.9 Location Program start date Pre–program start, no. Post–program start, no. Pre–program start Post–program start Mean age ± SD Male sex, % Mean age ± SD Male sex, % CBN program analysis ED visits Urban Alberta January 2016 5304 16 086 37.0 ± 14.3 57.3 37.3 ± 15.7 58.0 Rural Alberta January 2016 4260 9764 38.0 ± 15.2 50.9 38.7 ± 15.1 52.5 Deaths Urban Alberta January 2016 662 1334 41.8 ± 14.3 69.9 42.1 ± 14.8 68.9 Rural Alberta January 2016 105 312 38.4 ± 12.3 62.4 37.9 ± 11.5 67.8 Location Preintervention period* Postintervention period* Absolute level change at time of intervention, visits or deaths per month (95% CI) Slope change, change in visits or deaths per month ± SE Slope change significance, p value SCS site analysis ED visits Calgary October 2013–October 2017 October 2017–February 2020 −22.7 (−29.7 to −15.8) −0.2 ± 0.4 0.5 Edmonton October 2013–March 2018 March 2018–February 2020 0.7 (−11.4 to 12.8) −1.0 ± 0.6 0.07 Red Deer† October 2013–October 2018 October 2018–February 2020 −1.4 (−4.5 to 1.7) 0.01 ± 0.2 > 0.9 Lethbridge October 2013–March 2018 March 2018–February 2020 −8.8 (−11.7 to −5.9) −0.9 ± 0.2 < 0.001 Deaths Calgary October 2013–October 2017 October 2017–March 2019 −1.7 (−4.5 to 0.9) −0.3 ± 0.2 0.09 Edmonton October 2013–March 2019 March 2018–March 2019 −5.9 (−8.9 to −2.9) −1.4 ± 0.2 < 0.001 Red Deer† October 2013–March 2019 October 2018–March 2019 −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) −0.1 ± 0.1 0.09 Lethbridge October 2013–March 2018 March 2018–March 2019 0.03 (−0.4 to 0.7) −0.01 ± 0.03 0.6 CBN program analysis ED visits Urban Alberta October 2013–January 2016 January 2016–February 2020 38.9 (33.3 to 44.4) −1.9 ± 0.4 < 0.001 Rural Alberta October 2013–January 2016 January 2016–February 2020 3.7 (−0.3 to 7.1) −1.1 ± 0.2 < 0.001 Deaths Urban Alberta October 2013–January 2016 January 2016–March 2019 9.1 (6.7 to 11.5) −0.5 ± 0.2 0.004 Rural Alberta October 2013–January 2016 January 2016–March 2019 2.6 (2.6 to 4.7) −0.1 ± 0.1 0.2
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