Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) diagram of study identification and selection process. Note: CBE = classroom-based education, ERIC = Education Resources Information Center, PGME = postgraduate medical education.
- Figure 2:
Number of included studies (n = 94) published from 1996 to 2022.
Tables
Author, year Journal Country Location Discipline(s) Participants Design Study topic Description, justification or clarification Acosta et al., 2014 (34) Postgraduate Medical Journal USA University of Florida Internal medicine 67 residents Pre- and post-intervention questionnaire Clinical approach to obesity Description Al Achkar et al., 2018 (35) BMC Medical Education USA Washington and Indiana Numerous 233 of 1757 program directors Survey study Interprofessional education in PGME Description Albert et al., 2021 (36) Journal of General Internal Medicine USA 10 centres in USA Internal medicine 497 residents Survey study Resident perceptions of morning report Description Anderson et al., 2021 (37) Journal of Surgical Education USA University of California, Davis Surgery 129 US surgical programs Survey study Surgeon perceptions of morbidity and mortality rounds Description Audcent et al., 2013 (38) Pediatrics Canada Ottawa Pediatrics 125 trainees Mixed methods Global child health modules Description Bansal et al., 2018 (39) Postgraduate Medical Journal USA State University of New York Pediatrics 34 residents Survey study Resident module on insulin pumps Description Barnwell et al., 2017 (40) Journal of Surgical Education USA Wake Forest University Orthopedics Survey of 24 residents Survey study Case-based v. traditional lectures Description Barrett et al., 2021 (41) MedEdPortal USA Emory University Dermatology Not specified Descriptive study Educational module on diversity and sexuality Description Bowman et al., 2015 (43) Clinical Teacher USA University of Minnesota Internal medicine 57 residents Survey study Teaching high-value care in morning report Description Brown et al., 2018 (44) International Urology and Nephrology Canada University of Ottawa Nephrology Not specified Descriptive study Morbidity and mortality rounds in renal disease Description Butler et al., 2017 (45) Family Medicine USA USA (numerous) Family medicine 291 of 441 programs surveyed Survey study Survey of family medicine didactic teaching Description Chalk et al., 2004 (46) Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Canada McGill University Neurology 21 program directors Survey study Overview of AHD in Canadian neurology programs Description Clay et al., 2016 (47) Critical Ultrasound Journal USA Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Internal medicine 33 residents Pre- and post-intervention test scores Ultrasound skills in critical care Description Cosimini et al., 2016 (48) Medical Education USA University of Southern California Pediatrics 36 conferences and 1043 resident arrivals Retrospective study Effect of food on attendance at NCs Description Denizard-Thompson et al., 2018 (49) MedEdPortal USA Wake Forest Internal medicine and family medicine 25 internal medicine, 36 family medicine residents Survey study Musculoskeletal module for residents Description Di Genova et al., 2015 (50) Paediatric and Child Health Canada McGill Pediatrics 14 pediatrics residents Survey study AHD redesign, focus on CanMEDS roles Description Dreyer et al., 2014 (31) World Journal of Surgery Scotland and Zambia Dumfries and Zambia General surgery 13 faculty, 24 residents Mixed methods Surgical emergencies course for African programs Description Durning et al., 2003 (51) Teaching and Learning in Medicine USA Uniformed Services University Internal medicine Numerous Mixed methods Comparing morning report content to curricular guidelines Description Fraser et al., 2016 (89) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA Harvard Medical School Internal medicine 153 residents Survey study NC effectiveness and impact on self-study Justification Hill et al., 2000 (52) Family Medicine USA US residency programs Family medicine 278 programs Survey study Study of conference format in family medicine Description Juo et al., 2019 (53) Journal of Surgical Education USA University of California, Los Angeles General surgery 8 faculty, 32 trainees Survey study Medical malpractice Description Kavanagh et al., 2017 (54) Academic Psychiatry USA Columbia Psychiatry 144 residents Survey study Psychopharmacology-prescribing workshops Description Klein et al., 2008 (55) Canadian Family Physician Canada University of Alberta Family medicine Not specified Mixed methods Academic conferences and impact on self-study Description Ksouri et al., 2010 (27) American Journal of Critical Care France Université Paris-Descartes Critical care 260 deaths Mixed methods, descriptive study Educational impact of morbidity and mortality rounds Description Logan et al., 2021 (56) MedEdPortal USA University of California, San Francisco Internal medicine 35 residents Survey study Virtual case series module for clinical reasoning Description Marchalot et al., 2017 (28) Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine France University of Rouen Anesthesia 308 residents Pre–post study Traditional v. flipped classrooms in anesthesia Justification Mickelson et al., 2009 (57) Canadian Urology Association Journal Canada University of British Columbia Urology Not specified Descriptive study Implementation of adult learning principles Description Mishra et al., 2013 (97) Urology USA Cleveland Clinic Urology 8 fellows, 24 residents Survey study Surveys on a new electronic case Justification Naumberg et al., 1997 (59) Academic Medicine USA University of Rochester, NY Family medicine Program directors Survey study Early description of AHDs Description Pembroke et al., 2018 (62) Practical Radiation Oncology Canada McGill University Radiation oncology 6 residents Mixed methods Quality improvement Description Pentiuk et al., 2012 (63) J Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition USA Cincinnati Children’s Medical Centre Pediatrics 31 residents Survey study Gastroenterology fellows as teachers program Description Pereira et al., 2008 (64) Palliative Medicine Canada University of Calgary Rural family medicine 36 residents Survey study Palliative care Description Randall et al., 2020 (100) American J Medical Sciences USA University of Florida Internal medicine 95 residents Survey study Resident well-being Justification Richardson et al., 2018 (65) Teaching and Learning in Medicine USA Vanderbilt Cardiology 22 cardiology fellows Survey study Guidelines adherence sessions Description Ritchie et al., 2018 (111) Medical Science Educator USA University of Colorado Pediatrics 12 faculty Focus group study Faculty perspectives of AHD Clarification Robbins et al., 2018 (66) Surgery USA University of Wisconsin Vascular surgery 4 trainees and 4 faculty Survey study Transition from NC to AHD Description Salib et al., 2015 (67) Southern Medical Journal USA University of Texas at Austin Internal medicine Not specified Survey study Communication skills workshop Description Salib et al., 2018 (68) Southern Medical Journal USA University of Texas at Austin Internal medicine 50 residents Survey study Business of medicine Description Sawatsky et al., 2014 (112) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA University of Pittsburgh Internal medicine 41 residents Focus group study Learning preferences in NC Clarification Sawatsky et al., 2015 (69) Medical Education Online USA University of Pittsburgh Internal medicine 20 faculty Focus group study Challenges to active learning in conferences Description Schynoll et al., 2018 (70) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA Albany Medical College Internal medicine 64 faculty, 89 residents Survey of faculty and residents Team-based learning Description Shaffer et al., 2017 (71) Clinical Teacher USA Stanford University Numerous 78 residents Survey study Practice transition modules Description Shifflette et al., 2012 (72) Journal of Surgical Education USA Methodist Dallas Medical Center General surgery 26 program directors Survey study Journal clubs in surgery programs Description Smith et al., 2016 (73) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA University of Wisconsin Respirology, hematology/oncology, cardiology 46 fellows Randomized crossover study Effect of paging reminders on attendance at conference Description Solbach-Sabbach et al., 2019 (74) Education for Health Israel Technion: Israel Inst. of Technology Family medicine 56 residents Mixed methods Resident research skills Description Stiles et al., 2006 (75) Current Surgery USA University of Virginia General surgery 25 residents Survey study Morning report Description Stokes et al., 2017 (33) Canadian Medical Education Journal Canada and Guyana University of Calgary; University of Guyana Internal medicine 191 (Guyana) and 16 (Calgary) residents Survey study Calgary and Guyana videoconference sessions Description Tam et al., 2017 (76) MedEdPortal Canada Hospital for Sick Children Pediatrics 28 residents Survey study Pediatric limb pain module Description Tanaka et al., 2016 (77) Anesthesiology Research and Practice USA Stanford University Anesthesiology 131 residents Survey study Short daily lectures in anesthesia Description Tarabichi et al., 2018 (78) Journal of Surgical Education USA Rutgers University General surgery Not specified Pre- and post-test results Knowledge from assigned reading and lectures Description Theophanous, et al., 2021 (79) Medical Education USA Chicago Pediatrics and other specialties Not specified Descriptive study Residents as teachers Description Thomas et al., 2005 (80) Teaching and Learning in Medicine USA Mayo Clinic Internal medicine 20 residents Pre- and post-test results Conference attendance and test scores Description Wong et al., 2009 (81) BMC Medical Education Canada University of British Columbia Internal medicine 64 residents Survey study Communication skills workshop Description Zanotti et al., 2019 (82) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA University of Chicago Gynecology Gynecology fellows Mixed methods Value-based care Description Zeller et al., 2015 (92) Southern Medical Journal Canada McMaster University Internal medicine 31 residents Mixed-methods study Anatomy module for learning bone marrow biopsies Description Note: AHD = academic half day, NC = noon conference, PGME = postgraduate medical education.
Author, year Journal Country Location Discipline(s) Participants Design Study topic Description, justification or clarification Armson et al., 2021 (84) Family Medicine USA University of Calgary Family medicine 139 residents Focus group study Resident perceptions of small-group learning in AHD Justification Batalden et al., 2013 (109) Academic Medicine USA Harvard, Cincinnati, Cornell NY Internal medicine Not specified Qualitative Transition from NC to AHD Clarification Cacamese et al., 2004 (85) Medical Teacher USA Johns Hopkins University Internal medicine 13 residents Pre- and post-test results Effect of conference attendance on test scores Justification Eid et al., 2015 (86) BMC Medical Education USA MD Anderson Cancer Center Hemotology and oncology Survey, interviews Mixed methods Effectiveness of transition from NC to AHD Justification Fitzgerald et al., 2003 (87) Academic Medicine USA University of California, Los Angeles Internal medicine 81 residents Cross-sectional Examine association between resident attendance and examination scores Justification Franklin et al., 2017 (88) Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics USA Pittsburgh and Hamot Orthopedics 196 residents Pre- and post-intervention test scores Effect of pediatric teaching module on in-training examination scores Justification Gene Hern et al., 2009 (90) Academic Emergency Medicine USA 4 US emergency medicine programs Emergency medicine 405 residents Attendance and test results Conference attendance and test scores Justification Goyal et al., 2019 (91) Diagnosis (Berlin) USA Johns Hopkins University Internal medicine Not specified Pilot study, descriptive Description of a focused morning-report format for interns Justification Ha et al., 2014 (11) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA Cleveland Clinic Internal medicine 364 residents Pre- and post-test results Transition from NC to AHD: results of in-training examination scores and surveys of learning satisfaction before and after Justification House et al., 2017 (92) AEM Education & Training USA Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania Pediatrics 122 residents Randomized crossover study Spaced education as an adjunct to traditional education effect on test scores Justification Limvorapitak et al., 2016 (30) J Medical Assoc Thailand Thailand Thammasat University Internal medicine 19 residents Cross-sectional Test scores in internal medicine Justification Lin et al., 2018 (32) Journal of Surgical Education USA and Rwanda Colorado, Harvard, Kigali Surgery, anesthesia, obstetrics 55 residents Survey study Surgical safety program run by American surgery programs for a residency program in Kigali, Rwanda Description McDonald et al., 2007 (93) Journal of General Internal Medicine USA Mayo Clinic Internal medicine 195 residents Cross-sectional Test scores in internal medicine Justification McDonald et al., 2008 (94) Mayo Clinic Proceedings USA Mayo Clinic Internal medicine 195 residents Cross-sectional Examine association of conference attendance with internal medicine in-training examination scores Justification Mehta et al., 2018 (95) Journal of Surgical Education USA University of Utah Plastic surgery 8 residents Pre- and post-intervention test scores 90-min weekly didactic sessions and their impact on test scores Justification Meyer et al., 2018 (96) Academic Radiology USA Michigan Medicine Radiology 54 residents Cross-sectional Conference attendance and test scores Justification Moreno et al., 2013 (58) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA University Wisconsin–Madison Pediatrics 70 residents Pre- and post-survey Eliminated NC and implemented a new block format Description Ozuah et al., 2001 (60) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine USA Albert Einstein College Pediatrics 80 residents Cohort study No impact of problem-based learning impact on self-directed learning Description Parikh et al., 2008 (61) American Journal of Surgery USA University of California, Los Angeles General surgery 60 residents Survey study Description of new structures lectures Description Picciano et al., 2003 (98) Family Medicine USA JFK Medical Center Family medicine 20 residents Cohort study Effectiveness of NCs for increasing residents’ knowledge for both short term (1 mo) and long term (7 mo) Justification Raman et al., 2010 (99) Medical Teacher Canada University of Calgary and University of Toronto Gastroenterology fellows 10 (Calgary) + 10 (Toronto) gastroenterology fellows Prospective cohort study Comparison of AHD v. dispersed in a nutrition course Justification Riddell et al., 2017 (101) Journal of Graduate Medical Education USA University of California, San Francisco–Fresno, San Fran General, University of Southern California Emergency medicine 73 residents Randomized crossover study Traditional v. flipped classroom in emergency medicine Justification Rose et al., 2016 (102) Journal of Emergency Medicine USA University of Southern California Emergency medicine 17 residents Pre- and post-intervention test scores Traditional v. flipped classroom Justification Rucker et al., 2017 (103) Advances in Medical Education and Practice USA Indiana and Washington Family medicine Not specified Descriptive study Evidence-based medicine and technological literacy Justification Sawatsky et al., 2014 (104) BMC Medical Education USA University of Pittsburgh Internal medicine 69 residents; 4 faculty Survey study Surveys and test scores after implementation of active learning Justification Volerman et al., 2019 (105) BMC Medical Education USA University of Chicago Pediatrics 47 students and residents Survey study Team-based learning Justification Winter et al., 2007 (106) Family Medicine USA JFK Medical Center and Rutgers Univ. Family medicine 17 residents Pre- and post-test score results NC attendance and test scores Justification Zastoupil et al., 2017 (107) Academic Pediatrics USA University of Colorado Pediatrics Not specified Mixed methods Transition from NC to AHDs Justification Zweifler et al., 1996 (108) Academic Medicine USA San Francisco, Colorado, U. Washington Family medicine Not specified Descriptive study First description of AHDs Justification Note: AHD = academic half day, NC = noon conference.
Author, year Journal Country Location Discipline(s) Participants Design Study topic Description, justification or clarification Bhatt-Mackin et al., 2017 (42) Academic Psychiatry USA Duke University Psychiatry Not specified Descriptive study Protecting time for faculty development Description Chen et al., 2017 (7) Medical Teacher Canada University of British Columbia Family medicine 30 residents and faculty Qualitative case study Professional identity formation Clarification Chen et al., 2015 (3) Academic Medicine Canada University of British Columbia Orthopedics, internal medicine and hematology 27 residents Qualitative case study Role of AHD in resident education Clarification Gregor et al., 2016 (110) Teaching and Learning in Medicine Canada University of Toronto and Queen’s University Not specific Not specified Critical literature synthesis Purpose of morbidity and mortality rounds Clarification Peters et al., 2018 (29) Teaching and Learning in Medicine Netherlands University of Leuven General practice 25 trainees, 11 faculty, 18 workplace supervisors Transfer of learning Transfer of learning during internship Clarification Wagoner et al., 2019 (115) Teaching and Learning in Medicine USA University of Colorado Pediatrics 12 faculty Survey study Attending physician perspectives on AHD Clarification Note: AHD = academic half day.
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