Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1:
Age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 for prostate cancer in Ontario for fiscal years 2008–2016, stratified by region of origin.
- Figure 2:
Age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 for prostate cancer for the overall cohort and stratified by region of origin, Ontario, Canada (2008–2016). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Tables
- Table 1:
Descriptive characteristics of overall study cohort, Ontario, Canada (2008–2016)*
Variable Caribbean
n = 529 651East Africa
n = 289 254East Asia and Pacific
n = 1 969 550Eastern Europe and Central Asia
n = 1 065 676Latin America
n = 634 289Middle East and North Africa
n = 846 259Age, yr Mean ± SD 42.9 ± 13.4 42.9 ± 13.6 46.0 ± 15.5 45.0 ± 14.2 43.9 ± 13.7 43.2 ± 14.6 Median (IQR) 42 (32–51) 42 (32–52) 45 (34–55) 45 (34–55) 43 (33–53) 43 (31–52) Economic class 119 936 (22.6) 67 747 (23.4) 1 137 941 (57.8) 508 464 (47.7) 181 875 (28.7) 471 661 (55.7) Family class 376 427 (71.1) 51 471 (17.8) 632 136 (32.1) 213 367 (20.0) 269 545 (42.5) 136 677 (16.2) Refugee 23 024 (4.3) 165 062 (57.1) 158 333 (8.0) 331 121 (31.1) 167 899 (26.5) 228 069 (27.0) Other 10 264 (1.9) 4974 (1.7) 41 140 (2.1) 12 724 (1.2) 14 970 (2.4) 9852 (1.2) Income quintile 1 (lowest) 173 267 (32.7) 131 476 (45.5) 486 560 (24.7) 233 729 (21.9) 185 944 (29.3) 211 773 (25.0) 2 128 653 (24.3) 55 738 (19.3) 479 606 (24.4) 196 724 (18.5) 157 504 (24.8) 159 145 (18.8) 3 116 933 (22.1) 43 783 (15.1) 392 267 (19.9) 209 583 (19.7) 131 328 (20.7) 161 064 (19.0) 4 72 929 (13.8) 36 727 (12.7) 362 229 (18.4) 245 483 (23.0) 97 800 (15.4) 178 241 (21.1) 5 (highest) 37 869 (7.1) 21 530 (7.4) 248 888 (12.6) 180 157 (16.9) 61 713 (9.7) 136 036 (16.1) Time since landing, yr Mean ± SD 15.4 ± 8.0 14.3 ± 7.9 13.5 ± 7.5 15.4 ± 7.1 15.3 ± 8.4 12.7 ± 7.6 Median (IQR) 17 (9–22) 15 (8–21) 13 (7–19) 16 (10–21) 16 (8–22) 12 (6–19) Variable Middle-Southern Africa
n = 78 052South Asia
n = 2 151 654Western Africa
n = 146 040Western Europe
n = 544 498US, Australia and New Zealand
n = 153 710Long-term residents
n = 36 754 786Total
n = 45 163 419Age, yr Mean ± SD 42.3 ± 14.1 44.1 ± 14.6 42.5 ± 12.0 44.5 ± 13.7 43.3 ± 14.4 48.7 ± 17.6 47.9 ± 17.2 Median (IQR) 41 (31–51) 42 (33–53) 43 (33–52) 44 (34–53) 42 (32–53) 48 (34–62) 47 (34–60) Economic class 41 446 (53.1) 1 048 987 (48.8) 45 357 (31.1) 323 774 (59.5) 55 450 (36.1) NA 4 002 638 (8.9) Family class 12 393 (15.9) 693 638 (32.2) 58 951 (40.4) 188 731 (34.7) 92 755 (60.3) NA 2 726 091 (6.0) Refugee 21 959 (28.1) 381 704 (17.7) 36 406 (24.9) 26 697 (4.9) 3851 (2.5) NA 1 544 125 (3.4) Other 2254 (2.9) 27 325 (1.3) 5326 (3.6) 5296 (1.0) 1654 (1.1) NA 135 779 (0.3) Income quintile 1 (lowest) 20 401 (26.1) 591 574 (27.5) 57 843 (39.6) 90 107 (16.5) 23 085 (15.0) 6 535 312 (17.8) 8 741 071 (19.4) 2 11 884 (15.2) 524 889 (24.4) 33 274 (22.8) 113 249 (20.8) 26 812 (17.4) 7 117 317 (19.4) 9 004 795 (19.9) 3 12 532 (16.1) 510 422 (23.7) 28 004 (19.2) 108 795 (20.0) 28 433 (18.5) 7 312 052 (19.9) 9 055 196 (20.0) 4 14 900 (19.1) 351 117 (16.3) 17 577 (12.0) 113 792 (20.9) 31 586 (20.5) 7 688 061 (20.9) 9 210 442 (20.4) 5 (highest) 18 335 (23.5) 173 652 (8.1) 9342 (6.4) 118 555 (21.8) 43 794 (28.5) 8 102 044 (22.0) 9 151 915 (20.3) Time since landing, yr Mean ± SD 13.1 ± 8.3 11.8± 7.0 12.0 ± 7.5 15.8 ± 8.9 11.4 ± 8.4 NA 13.6 ± 7.7 Median (IQR) 12 (6–20) 11 (6–17) 12 (6–18) 17 (8–23) 10 (4–18) NA 13 (7–20) Note: IQR = interquartile range, NA = not applicable, SD = standard deviation.
↵* n represents person-years.
- Table 2:
Age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 for prostate cancer for the overall cohort and stratified by region of origin, Ontario, Canada (2008–2016)
Region Age-standardized incidence rate per 100 000 (95% CI) Overall cohort 178.8 (177.6–180.1) Caribbean 313.1 (289.7–337.8) East Africa 144.0 (122.2–168.4) East Asia and Pacific 104.0 (98.4–109.8) Eastern Europe and Central Asia 154.1 (143.8–165.0) Latin America 167.7 (153.1–183.3) Middle East and North Africa 131.5 (120.7–143.0) Middle-Southern Africa 194.0 (149.8–247.1) South Asia 88.6 (83.3–94.1) Western Africa 475.3 (385.7–579.4) Western Europe 176.7 (160.7–193.9) US, Australia and New Zealand 173.0 (143.1–207.4) All immigrants 134.9 (131.6–138.3) Long-term residents 184.4 (183.0–185.8) Note: CI = confidence interval.
- Table 3:
Adjusted incidence rate ratios for overall study population (n = 45 163 419 person-years) and for immigrants (n = 8 408 633 person-years) in the cohort only, adjusted for variables listed in the table
Variable Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) Overall study cohort Immigrants in the study cohort Region of origin Caribbean 1.91 (1.78–2.04) 2.06 (1.72–2.45) East Africa 0.76 (0.66–0.88) 0.85 (0.68–1.06) East Asia and Pacific 0.55 (0.52–0.58) 0.60 (0.50–0.71) Eastern Europe and Central Asia 0.84 (0.79–0.89) 0.94 (0.79–1.12) Latin America 0.95 (0.87–1.02) 1.04 (0.87–1.25) Middle East and North Africa 0.72 (0.66–0.78) 0.80 (0.66–0.95) Middle-Southern Africa 1.14 (0.91–1.41) 1.27 (0.97–1.67) South Asia 0.47 (0.45–0.50) 0.52 (0.44–0.62) Western Africa 2.71 (2.41–3.05) 3.01 (2.46–3.68) Western Europe 0.95 (0.87–1.04) 0.95 (0.87–1.04) US, Australia and New Zealand 0.91 (0.78–1.07) 1 (Ref.) Long-term residents 1 (Ref.) – Income quintile 1 (lowest) 1 (Ref.) 1 (Ref.) 2 1.08 (1.06–1.11) 1.03 (0.96–1.10) 3 1.13 (1.10–1.16) 1.06 (0.99–1.14) 4 1.17 (1.14–1.19) 1.13 (1.05–1.21) 5 (highest) 1.22 (1.20–1.25) 1.11 (1.02–1.20) Age group, yr < 50 0.01 (0.01–0.01) 0.01 (0.01–0.01) 50–59 0.31 (0.30–0.32) 0.30 (0.28–0.31) 60–69 1 (Ref.) 1 (Ref.) 70–79 1.37 (1.35–1.39) 1.43 (1.34–1.52) ≥ 80 1.04 (1.02–1.07) 0.96 (0.87–1.06) Immigrant admission category Economic class – 1 (Ref.) Family class – 1.01 (0.95–1.07) Refugee – 0.94 (0.87–1.01) Other – 0.93 (0.77–1.12) Time since landing, yr 0–5 – 1 (Ref.) 6–10 – 0.77 (0.70–0.84) 11–15 – 0.78 (0.71–0.85) 16–20 – 0.92 (0.84–1.00) ≥ 21 – 0.88 (0.81–0.95) Note: CI = confidence interval, Ref. = reference category.
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