Evidence for the effect of legislation on firearm homicide by subgroups
| Bill | Study | Entire population | Males | Females | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Younger* | Older† | ||||
| Bill C-51 | Sproule and Kennett (1988)24 | Beneficial | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Mundt (1990)25 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Mauser and Holmes (1992)27 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Leenaars and Lester (1994, 1996,1997, 2001)19–22 | Beneficial | Beneficial | Beneficial | Beneficial‡ | Beneficial | |
| Blais et al. (2011)36 | Beneficial | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Langmann (2012)37 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Bill C-17 | Bridges (2004)31 | Beneficial | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Blais et al. (2011)36 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Langmann (2012)37 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Langmann (2020)40 | Not assessed | Ineffectual | Ineffectual§ | Ineffectual | Ineffectual | |
| Bill C-68 | Blais et al. (2011)36 | Beneficial | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Langmann (2012)37 | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| Linteau and Blais (2013)39 | Beneficial | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | |
| McPhedran and Mauser (2013)38 | Not assessed | Ineffectual | Not assessed | Not assessed | Ineffectual | |
| Langmann (2020)40 | Not assessed | Ineffectual | Ineffectual§ | Ineffectual | Ineffectual | |