Predictors of severe outcomes among patients with CDI diagnosis*
| Covariate | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|
| Age, yr (Ref: 18–69 yr) | |
| 70–79 | 1.52 (1.22 to 1.89) |
| ≥ 80 | 2.44 (2.02 to 2.94) |
| Female sex (v. male) | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.08) |
| SEFI‡ | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) |
| CCI (Ref: 0)§ | |
| 1 | 1.88 (1.46 to 2.43) |
| 2 | 2.06 (1.59 to 2.66) |
| ≥ 3 | 2.55 (1.97 to 3.30) |
| Diabetes (v. none) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.18) |
| Renal disease (v. none) | 1.65 (1.34 to 2.02) |
| IBD (v. none) | 0.82 (0.45 to 1.49) |
| Ambulatory care visits in prior year (v. most) | |
| Least | 0.69 (0.52 to 0.92) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.80 (0.64 to 1.01) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.13) |
| CDI subtype (v. community-associated) | |
| HCF-onset HCF-associated¶ | 2.56 (2.02 to 3.25) |
| Community-onset HCF-associated | 1.32 (0.99 to 1.77) |
| Indeterminate | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.49) |
| Recurrent CDI (v. incident CDI) | 0.64 (0.52 to 0.79) |
Note: CDI = Clostridioides difficile infection, CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index, CI = confidence interval, HCF = health care facility, IBD = inflammatory bowel disease, OR = odds ratio, SEFI = Socioeconomic Factor Index.
↵* 831 severe outcomes among 6154 patients diagnosed with CDI.
↵† The ORs were adjusted for all the factors listed in the table.
↵‡ SEFI was handled as a continuous variable.
↵§ Renal disease and diabetes omitted from CCI calculation.
↵¶ In the subgroup analysis of those with HCF-onset HCF-associated CDI, longer stay in hospital (> 17 days) before CDI onset was associated with increased risk of severe outcomes (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.68); 563 severe outcomes among 2568 individuals.